Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men, particularly those over the age of 40. Early detection is crucial for successful treatment outcomes. According to Cancer Research UK, nearly 100% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early stage (stage 1 or 2 ) survive for five years or more after diagnosis. In contrast, around 50% of men diagnosed at stage 4 survive for five years or more.

The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) test is a valuable screening tool that can help detect prostate cancer at an early stage, thereby significantly improving survival rates. This article will explain everything you need to know about PSA tests and how to check for prostate cancer so that you can take charge of your health with confidence.

What is a PSA test?

A PSA test is a simple blood test that measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in your blood. PSA is a protein produced by cells in the prostate gland, and elevated levels can indicate potential issues with the prostate, including inflammation, benign enlargement, or, in some cases, prostate cancer.

What does PSA stand for?

PSA stands for Prostate-Specific Antigen. It is a protein naturally produced by the prostate gland, found in small amounts in healthy men. Elevated levels of PSA can indicate prostate inflammation, enlargement, or the presence of cancer, making it a key marker for prostate health.

Why is a PSA test important?

Detecting prostate cancer early can save lives, and the PSA test is often the first step in that process. While it’s not definitive, it acts as a valuable warning system that may prompt further investigation if levels are abnormal. It’s particularly important for men over 50 or those with a family history of prostate cancer, as they are at higher risk.

How is a PSA test performed?

A PSA test is quick, minimally invasive, and can even be done in the comfort of your own home using at-home testing services like those offered by Check4Cancer. Understanding what happens during the process can help ease any concerns.

What happens during a PSA test?

A healthcare professional takes a small sample of blood from a vein, usually in your arm. The sample is then analysed to measure PSA levels. For those who prefer the convenience of home testing, services like Check4Cancer offer at-home PSA tests using a simple finger-prick blood sample.

How to prepare for a PSA test?

No extensive preparation is needed for a PSA test. However, to ensure accurate results it is wise to:

•  Avoid ejaculation and vigorous exercise 24 to 48 hours prior to the test.
•  Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you’re taking, as some drugs can affect PSA levels.

Are PSA tests painful?

Not at all. Most men find PSA tests painless or only mildly uncomfortable. For at-home tests, the finger-prick sample is a quick and easy process, making it accessible and stress-free.

What do PSA test results mean?

Interpreting PSA test results is crucial to understanding your prostate health. Levels vary depending on age and individual circumstances.

What is a normal PSA level?

For most men, normal PSA levels are under 4 ng/mL. However, levels can differ with age:

•  Men in their 40s and 50s usually have a PSA level under 2.5 ng/mL.
•  Men over 60 may have slightly higher levels considered normal.

What is a high PSA level?

Elevated PSA levels (above the normal range of 4.0 ng/mL) don’t always indicate cancer. They can also result from benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis (prostate inflammation), or recent physical activity like cycling. However, consistently high results often warrant further medical evaluation.

Do PSA tests detect cancer?

While PSA tests are valuable, they don’t directly diagnose cancer. Instead, they indicate whether further tests are necessary.

Does a high PSA level mean you have prostate cancer?

Not necessarily. A high PSA level is not a definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer. It simply signals that further evaluation may be needed, such as imaging tests or a biopsy. PSA tests are an essential first step in the diagnostic process, but require additional checks to confirm cancer.

How to check for prostate cancer?

Understanding the symptoms and screening methods for prostate cancer helps you take proactive steps toward detection.

What are the symptoms of prostate cancer?

Early prostate cancer often has no symptoms, which is why tests like PSA are critical. However, advanced prostate cancer may cause:

•  Frequent urination, especially at night.
•  Weak or interrupted urine flow.
•  Blood in the urine or semen.
•  Pain or stiffness in the lower back, hips, or pelvis.

If you experience any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare professional immediately.

Can you self-check for prostate cancer?

There are no reliable self-check methods for prostate cancer. The prostate is located deep in the pelvis, making it inaccessible for self-assessment and conducting a self-exam is not advised, as it requires professional tools and expertise. Instead, focus on regular PSA tests and consultations to stay on top of your prostate health.

What should you do if you suspect prostate cancer?

If you notice symptoms or receive an abnormal PSA test result, don’t panic. Speak with a healthcare provider for guidance. They may recommend further diagnostics, such as an MRI or biopsy, to confirm the presence of cancer.

Diagnostic steps beyond a PSA test

When PSA results are concerning, follow-up tests provide additional clarity about your prostate health:

How is prostate cancer diagnosed?

1.  MRI Scans: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides detailed images of the prostate, allowing doctors to determine if abnormalities require further attention.
2.  Biopsy: A prostate biopsy involves collecting tissue samples to check for cancerous cells. It’s often recommended if both PSA and imaging results suggest potential cancer.
3.  Additional Tests: Advanced metrics like the Prostate Health Index (PHI) and PCA3 urine tests offer further insights, particularly when results from initial tests are unclear.

How accurate are PSA Tests?

PSA tests are excellent tools for early detection, but they aren’t perfect. About 15% of men with normal PSA levels could still have prostate cancer, often at a very early stage. Meanwhile, other conditions can contribute to elevated PSA levels, leading to false positives. That’s why PSA testing is frequently used alongside additional diagnostic tests for a comprehensive understanding of prostate health.

Take control of your prostate health.

Prostate cancer affects one in eight men, but early detection can make all the difference. Through Check4Cancer, you can conveniently monitor your prostate health with our Prostate Cancer Screening Test. Their service offers:

•  Finger-prick blood samples: No needles involved.
•  Personalised screening: Tailored to your needs.
•  7-day results with full support: Our clinical team provides clear results and advice, recommending further steps when necessary.

Your health matters. And it’s always better to know…